07 next previous up Phase 3: author does the work - no duplication of effort; benefit is shared by all - effort is heavily concentrated; use automated tools - no portability problems, as long as distros/admins don't make changes - add layers for normalization, don't replace/modify - packages installed as part of the distro look just like manually-installed packages - easy uninstallation of manually installed packages - lower barrier to try new things - simple, portable format eliminates a layer and allows alternate high-level tools